The modified scientific method

STEP 1: Ask a question or pose a problem.

STEP 2: List all possible answers, no matter how wild or crazy, no matter how bizarre or biased.

STEP 3: Assemble all relevant evidence.

STEP 4: Divide the evidence into strong and weak; proceed with only strong evidence.

STEP 5: List all possible answers, however unlikely, consistent with the strong, direct evidence.

5a: If no strong, direct evidence, proceed with strong, indirect evidence.

5b. If no strong, indirect evidence, quit. Question cannot be answered.

STEP 6: Choose the simplest answer consistent with all the facts (Occam’s razor).

STEP 7: Test this answer rigorously against its consequences (predictions) or against new evidence gathered explicitly for the purpose.

STEP 8: Continue to test the answer regularly and vigorously. Be your own harshest critic.

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