How to rank evidence

Three main characteristics of evidence:

    Directness (Direct vs. indirect)

    Strength (Strong vs. weak)

    Reliability (Reliable vs. unreliable)

Direct (D): Bears immediately on question at hand. If true, proves proposition. Necessary and sufficient.

Indirect (I): Bears on question related to question at hand (circumstantial evidence). Necessary but not sufficient. “Consistent with” or “indicative of” the question.

 

Strong (S): Objectively falsifiable; requires an object and expert opinion.

Weak (W): Not falsifiable; lacking a tangible record.

Reliable (R): Known to be correct.

Unreliable (U): Not known to be correct, i.e., known to be uncertain or wrong.

Ranking evidence

    Strongest is DSR (direct, strong, reliable). Proves proposition.

    Next-strongest is ISR (indirect, strong, reliable). Very common.

    Weakest: XYU (anything that is unreliable). No probative power.

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